Personal interest · faith & science

Faith and Human Evolution: Mental Gymnastics

A 2026 Brigham Young University study — “Mental Gymnastics: How Misconceptions Drive Unstable Forms of Scientific and Religious Reconciliation” (Jensen et al.) — interviewed 48 religious university students about evolution, then read each one back two of their own survey answers that can’t both be true: usually “Adam & Eve are the universal ancestors of the entire human race” and “humans share a common ancestor with apes.” This dashboard is built from that study’s public deposit of transcripts — how the mind patches a contradiction it’s holding, in the students’ own words.

Jun 23, 20261 source
48students interviewed and walked through their answers
50%shown their own contradiction, saw no conflict at all
7distinct strategies they use to hold both at once
4rejected human evolution outright — the move is reconciliation, not denial

Shown the contradiction, did they see it?

Every student had marked agreement with two statements that can’t both be true — that Adam & Eve are the literal first parents of all humanity, and that humans share a common ancestor with other primates. Partway through each interview the researcher read both answers back and asked, plainly: do you see a conflict here? Their reactions sort into three camps.

50%of respondents say there’s no conflict between human evolution and LDS Christian creationism teachings — shown the contradiction in their own handwriting, they simply didn’t feel one. Another 40% named it outright and 10% hedged. The distance between holding two incompatible answers and noticing they’re incompatible is the whole subject of this page.
50%24
10%5
40%19
Saw no conflict 24Sort of / hedged 5Named the contradiction 19

How they reconcile it

The transcripts cluster into seven moves. Click one to filter the stance chart and the quote wall to those students — it sticks until you click it again.

Where they land on human evolution

The headline isn’t rejection. Most accept that humans evolved — the work is fitting Adam & Eve into that, not denying it. Click a bar to cross-filter the strategy chart and quotes.

In their own words

38 quotes

Verbatim from the transcripts (anonymized as “Student N” in the original).

I feel like God definitely could have been working on prehistoric humans and then was like, okay, we got our latest model, let's, Adam and Eve let's go.

Student 7Adam & Eve as the latest model

What if God was just like having some fun and creating like a prototype, you know, just practicing or something, I don't know.

Student 7God as tinkerer

I guess that's true. That is contradictory, which shows that I don't have any study to put a ton of thought.

Student 12Self-aware contradiction

God said them there with his hands or they came from evolution or whatever from apes, whatever, it doesn't change my life.

Student 12It doesn't matter

It just doesn't bother me. Lack of caring, maybe? I'm not a biology major. I think about it every once in a while, and then I just move on.

Student 14Lack of caring

We will be able to know everything in the next life. So I don't wrestle with it too much. It'll work itself out.

Student 14Defer to the afterlife

I've since decided if God wanted to use evolution to make man, who are we to tell Him that we can't?

Student 15Who are we to limit God

The strongest thing to change my views on evolution would be a church leader coming out and saying, this is exactly how it happened.

Student 19Authority over evidence

For some reason, it doesn't concern me. I feel like it should bug me, but it doesn't.

Student 21Comfortable with contradiction

I really feel like everything has its own little desires and tendency to want to do good and want to worship God.

Student 21Worshipful atoms

If that means it only flooded like part of New Mexico, or wherever he was, I'm totally okay with that.

Student 21Regional flood

Dr. Jensen's book, yeah we did evolve from fish, and Heavenly Father could have probably just snapped His fingers and they would have appeared.

Student 23Snap of the fingers

So our bodies evolved and then God put our spirits in those bodies. And that's how we got here today.

Student 24Spirit into a body

This is definitely not a developed view. Yeah. We'll die on this hill.

Student 28Undeveloped but committed

I view Adam and Eve as more of our spiritual parents; maybe their bodies and our species came to be through more natural processes.

Student 46Spiritual vs physical parents

I find those to be both like basically coin flips. We don't know because we don't have a time machine.

Student 48Coin flips

It helps me to be viewed as intelligent, so people can take me seriously and not view me as a religious nut.

Student 48Reputation motive

You can't really believe in science. It just exists. Or not, I guess.

Student 50Science just is

We never seen photos of what Adam and Eve looked like. They could have been more apelike, walking on all four, and then they just evolved.

Student 53Apelike Adam

To say Adam and Eve are the ancestors of all human race and then also say we have primate ancestors, I keep them separated.

Student 64Keep them separated

I played the Legend of Zelda, the Wind Waker, and when the earth gets flooded those mountains are like the new islands.

Student 64Wind Waker theology

The unicorns to make it on, the dragons to make it on. But unfortunately, I guess not.

Student 69No unicorns

My brain kind of goes into science mode and religious mode, which is funny because my views are very combined.

Student 69Two modes

There's this term I learned in English, it's called Double Think. Both of these things are true. It's just that they're a different type of true.

Student 74Doublethink

I believe that God gave us dominion over all other living things, and so that gives the idea that we don't need to evolve.

Student 90Dominion

don't know how

Student 94Both true

When I originally think of evolution, my mind just goes to Age of Ultron from Avengers. Ultron says I need to evolve, and it's like, how does a robot evolve?

Student 96Avengers

He didn't make us in the image of monkeys. He didn't make us in the image of a fish. He made us in his image.

Student 96Made in His image

That was like God telling Noah, don't forget my unicorns, and the unicorns wouldn't come. So they aren't here because they were sucked up by the flood.

Student 96Unicorns sucked up

It's that kind of cognitive dissonance, comfortable to believe two things that are fundamentally different, and trying to remove that thought in the back of my mind.

Student 99Cognitive dissonance

The best way I deal with that is just by accepting that God's plan is always going to be bigger than what I think and I believe.

Student 104God's plan is bigger

Eventually when the body is ready He can put Adam and Eve's spirit into that body and then we have the first human.

Student 107Spirit when the body is ready

The first fish that went out of water tried because it believed even though it'd never seen anything do it. That's why we come from that fish.

Student 115The fish that believed

Everything else was just, as Bob Ross would say, a happy accident.

Student 115Happy accident

We talk about mutations being random. What if they're not? What if that's what God's doing in order to create it?

Student 143God directs the mutations

I think they might've been the first perfect product of evolution. Like natural selection didn't kill them off kind of deal.

Student 143Perfect product

I always thought of the rib as the DNA update. The blueprint from the rib is what created them.

Student 143The rib as DNA

I'm very much looking forward to 'Creation 101' in heaven. I'm okay with saying, I don't know how it worked, but it worked somehow.

Student 153Creation 101 in heaven

Source: Jensen, Sorensen, Phillips, Strong, Woolley, Johanseon, Fillmore & Noakes, “Mental Gymnastics: How Misconceptions Drive Unstable Forms of Scientific and Religious Reconciliation” (2026), BYU ScholarsArchive Data — a public deposit of 48 anonymized interview transcripts. Reconciliation strategies and conflict-acknowledgment are this dashboard’s own coding of the transcripts, not the authors’ published categories; quotes are verbatim, lightly trimmed for length.